Library Coq.Init.Hexadecimal

Hexadecimal numbers

These numbers coded in base 16 will be used for parsing and printing other Coq numeral datatypes in an human-readable way. See the Number Notation command. We represent numbers in base 16 as lists of hexadecimal digits, in big-endian order (most significant digit comes first).

Require Import Datatypes Specif Decimal.

Unsigned integers are just lists of digits. For instance, sixteen is (D1 (D0 Nil))

Nil is the number terminator. Taken alone, it behaves as zero, but rather use D0 Nil instead, since this form will be denoted as 0, while Nil will be printed as Nil.

Notation zero := (D0 Nil).

For signed integers, we use two constructors Pos and Neg.

Variant signed_int := Pos (d:uint) | Neg (d:uint).
Notation int := signed_int.

For decimal numbers, we use two constructors Hexadecimal and HexadecimalExp, depending on whether or not they are given with an exponent (e.g., 0x1.a2p+01). i is the integral part while f is the fractional part (beware that leading zeroes do matter).

Variant hexadecimal :=
| Hexadecimal (i:int) (f:uint)
| HexadecimalExp (i:int) (f:uint) (e:Decimal.int).

Scheme Equality for uint.
Scheme Equality for int.
Scheme Equality for hexadecimal.
Notation int_eq_dec := signed_int_eq_dec.
Notation int_beq := signed_int_beq.
Notation internal_int_dec_lb := internal_signed_int_dec_lb.
Notation internal_int_dec_bl := internal_signed_int_dec_bl.

Declare Scope hex_uint_scope.
Delimit Scope hex_uint_scope with huint.
Bind Scope hex_uint_scope with uint.

Declare Scope hex_int_scope.
Delimit Scope hex_int_scope with hint.
Bind Scope hex_int_scope with int.

Register uint as num.hexadecimal_uint.type.
Register int as num.hexadecimal_int.type.
Register hexadecimal as num.hexadecimal.type.

Fixpoint nb_digits d :=
  match d with
  | Nil => O
  | D0 d | D1 d | D2 d | D3 d | D4 d | D5 d | D6 d | D7 d | D8 d | D9 d
  | Da d | Db d | Dc d | Dd d | De d | Df d =>
    S (nb_digits d)
  end.

This representation favors simplicity over canonicity. For normalizing numbers, we need to remove head zero digits, and choose our canonical representation of 0 (here D0 Nil for unsigned numbers and Pos (D0 Nil) for signed numbers).

nzhead removes all head zero digits

Fixpoint nzhead d :=
  match d with
  | D0 d => nzhead d
  | _ => d
  end.

unorm : normalization of unsigned integers

Definition unorm d :=
  match nzhead d with
  | Nil => zero
  | d => d
  end.

norm : normalization of signed integers

Definition norm d :=
  match d with
  | Pos d => Pos (unorm d)
  | Neg d =>
    match nzhead d with
    | Nil => Pos zero
    | d => Neg d
    end
  end.

A few easy operations. For more advanced computations, use the conversions with other Coq numeral datatypes (e.g. Z) and the operations on them.

Definition opp (d:int) :=
  match d with
  | Pos d => Neg d
  | Neg d => Pos d
  end.

Definition abs (d:int) : uint :=
  match d with
  | Pos d => d
  | Neg d => d
  end.

For conversions with binary numbers, it is easier to operate on little-endian numbers.

nztail removes all trailing zero digits and return both the result and the number of removed digits.

Definition nztail d :=
  let fix aux d_rev :=
    match d_rev with
    | D0 d_rev => let (r, n) := aux d_rev in pair r (S n)
    | _ => pair d_rev O
    end in
  let (r, n) := aux (rev d) in pair (rev r) n.

Definition nztail_int d :=
  match d with
  | Pos d => let (r, n) := nztail d in pair (Pos r) n
  | Neg d => let (r, n) := nztail d in pair (Neg r) n
  end.

del_head n d removes n digits at beginning of d or returns zero if d has less than n digits.

Fixpoint del_head n d :=
  match n with
  | O => d
  | S n =>
    match d with
    | Nil => zero
    | D0 d | D1 d | D2 d | D3 d | D4 d | D5 d | D6 d | D7 d | D8 d | D9 d
    | Da d | Db d | Dc d | Dd d | De d | Df d =>
      del_head n d
    end
  end.

Definition del_head_int n d :=
  match d with
  | Pos d => del_head n d
  | Neg d => del_head n d
  end.

del_tail n d removes n digits at end of d or returns zero if d has less than n digits.

Definition del_tail n d := rev (del_head n (rev d)).

Definition del_tail_int n d :=
  match d with
  | Pos d => Pos (del_tail n d)
  | Neg d => Neg (del_tail n d)
  end.

Module Little.

Successor of little-endian numbers

Doubling little-endian numbers

Library Coq.Init.Hexadecimal

Hexadecimal numbers

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